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|map_caption= Voćin on the map of Croatia. Territories controlled by Serb or JNA forces in late December 1991 are highlighted in red. |location=Voćin, Croatia |coordinates= |target=Mostly Croat civilians |date=13 December 1991 |time= |timezone= |type=Summary executions |fatalities=43 |perps=White Eagles paramilitary unit}} The Voćin massacre was the killing of 43 civilians, mostly Croats, by the Serbian White Eagles paramilitary unit in Voćin, Croatia on 13 December 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The massacre was carried out after the unit was ordered to abandon the village before the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska vojska'' – HV) recaptured the area in Operation Papuk-91. The unit generally targeted Croats living in the village, but also killed a Serb civilian who tried to protect others. Most of the victims were killed by gunfire, but some of them were killed with axes or chainsaws, or were burned to death. The victims exhibited signs of torture and were left unburied. On the night of 13/14 December, the unit also demolished a 550-year-old church in the village using explosives. The HV secured Voćin on the night of 14/15 December, the Serb population having left the previous night. Afterwards, Croatian soldiers torched many homes belonging to the Serbs who had once inhabited the village. The area was toured by US Congressman Frank McCloskey shortly afterwards. McCloskey publicised the killings at a news conference held in Zagreb the next day, deeming them genocide. He then persuaded Jerry Blaskovich, an Associate Clinical Professor at the University of Southern California Los Angeles County Hospital Medical Center to take part in the investigation of the killings. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) later charged Slobodan Milošević with the killings and Vojislav Šešelj with the deportation of non-Serbs from Voćin. In 2015, the International Court of Justice ruled that the massacre in Voćin was not an example of genocide, and stated that Croatia had failed to prove that the killings had even occurred. ==Background== (詳細は1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia, the 5th (Banja Luka) Corps of the Yugoslav People's Army (''Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija'' – JNA) was tasked with advancing north through western Slavonia, from Okučani to Daruvar and Virovitica, and with a secondary drive from Okučani towards Kutina. This task was essentially consistent with the line expected to be reached by the main thrust of the JNA advancing from eastern Slavonia in about a week. The linkup was designed to facilitate a further advance west to Zagreb and Varaždin. The JNA was stopped by the Croatian National Guard (''Zbor Narodne Garde'' – ZNG) between Novska, Nova Gradiška and Pakrac, although SAO Western Slavonia Territorial Defense Forces (''Teritorijalna odbrana'' – TO) units took positions on the Bilogora and Papuk north of Pakrac, near Virovitica and Slatina with no JNA support. The TO was supported by Serbian paramilitaries deploying to the village of Voćin on the Papuk Mountain in October. The paramilitaries were the White Eagles under the control of Vojislav Šešelj. He visited Voćin in the following month and incited the paramilitaries to persecute the Croat population. According to testimonies of surviving residents of Voćin, the White Eagles and several local Serbs terrorised the Croat population, reduced to 80 by late 1991. Prior to the war, ethnic Serbs formed eighty percent of the village's population. On 29 October, the ZNG launched Operation Hurricane-91 against positions held by the JNA and the TO near Novska and Nova Gradiška, and Operation Swath-10 against the TO positions on the Bilogora Mountain south of Virovitica. Aiming to exploit the success of Operation Swath-10 and recapture Papuk area, Croatian forces, renamed the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska vojska'' or HV) on 3 November, launched Operation Papuk-91 on 28 November. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voćin massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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